澜沧江-湄公河流域产输沙和水库拦沙研究存在问题分析

澜沧江-湄公河是中国与东南亚地区重要的跨境河流,其泥沙问题涉及流域内各国的生态、农业、渔业、航运、海岸侵蚀等诸多领域,近年来下游输沙量持续减少,受到广泛关注。综述了澜沧江-湄公河泥沙研究的争论焦点,包括全流域主产沙区的位置,湄公河干流水文站点间实测输沙量异常变化关系以及人类活动对泥沙过程的影响。系统梳理了现有研究中存在的主要问题,包括下湄公河泥沙观测数据质量不高、全流域总输沙量1.60亿t/a的数据基础存疑、水文模拟的时空分辨率不足、未考虑土地利用变化的影响和悬移质之外的泥沙研究不充分等,在此基础上提出了进一步研究建议。

Review of sediment yield,transportation, and trap in reservoirs in Lancang-Mekong River basin

The Lancang-Mekong River is one of the largest transboundary river shared by China and Southeast Asian countries. In recent years, the sediment issue in this large river has received extensive attention due to nutrient-rich sediment decreasing which is critical to ecological health, aquatic habitats, shipping, coastal erosion and agricultural and fisheries production. A wide range of studies on sediment yield, transportation and trapped by reservoirs are summarized. The main controversial topics include where the most sediment comes from, how to explain the abnormal relationship among suspended sediment loads observed along the mainstream, and the quantification of effect of human activities on sediment load change. There are five main issues unsolved, including unreliable observed sediment data in Lower Mekong River, weak basis of total sediment load of 160×106 t/a, low spatiotemporal resolution in model simulation, insufficient study of the land use change impacts in recent decades and inadequate research on sediment except for suspended sediment. Several possible ways to overcome these difficulties are also discussed.