中国城市洪涝问题及成因分析

随着经济社会的发展，中国步入城镇化快速发展的阶段，城镇化率已由2000年的36.22%增加到2014年的54.77%。在全球气候变化与快速城镇化背景下，中国城市洪涝灾害日益严重。阐述了全球气候变化及城镇化对城市降水和极端暴雨的影响机制，并从流域产汇流角度分析了城镇化对洪水过程的影响，系统剖析了中国城市洪涝频发的主要原因。在成因分析的基础上，进一步提出了中国城市洪涝防治的应对策略，主要包括:①以低影响开发理念为指导，加强城市基础设施建设，建设海绵城市；②建立城市洪涝立体监测、预报预警和实时调度系统，强化城市洪涝科学决策能力；③健全和完善城市洪涝应急预案，强化应急管理能力，完善灾害救助和恢复机制。

Discussion on the urban flood and waterlogging and causes analysis in China

With the development of economy and society, China has stepped into the rapid urbanization process with the population urbanization rate rising from 36.22% in 2000 to 54.77% in 2014. Under the background of global climate change and rapid urbanization, urban flood and waterlogging hazards become more frequent in this country. In this paper, the mechanism of how global climate change and urbanization affect urban precipitation including extreme rainfall was preliminarily analyzed and the effect of urbanization on flood process was also explained from the aspect of surface runoff yield and flow concentration process. Then, the causes of frequent urban floods in China were analyzed systematically. Moreover, main tactics of urban flood and waterlogging prevention and alleviation were stated. Firstly, the urban infrastructure should be strengthened guided by the idea of low impact develop (LID). Thus, sponge cities with good defense ability for rainstorm could be constructed. Secondly, the urban flood management systems with 3-dimension urban flood monitoring, dynamic forecasting and warning and real time operation should be established to raise the scientifically decision-making for flood disasters reduction. Thirdly, to intensify the disaster relief and recovery for urban flood, the emergence plans should be drawn and improved.