黄河口尾闾河道平滩流量与水沙过程响应关系

采用实测资料分析和理论探讨的方法,研究了黄河口尾闾河道平滩流量与水沙过程的响应关系。研究结果表明:清水沟流路行河以来,尾闾河道平滩流量由1976年的6000m3/s左右减少至21世纪初的3000m3/s左右。尾闾河道平滩流量具有双重记忆效应,从短期而言,对近2年水沙过程记忆最强,从长期而言,对近6年水沙过程记忆深刻。黄河口来水量越大,汛期来沙系数越小,尾闾河道平滩流量就越大,反之,尾闾河道平滩流量就越小。尾闾河道平滩流量维持在4000m3/s,黄河口年来水量必须大于223亿m3,汛期来水量大于141亿m3,汛期来沙系数控制在0.03左右;小浪底水库调水调沙需要连续运用且运行年限大于5~6年,才能起到较好的效果;水量统一调度管理中应确定汛期利津站日均流量的最小值,以维持尾闾河道一定的平滩流量。

Response relationship between the bank-full discharge in tail channel and the process of flow-sediment in the Yellow River estuary

Using the methods of the field data analyses, the relationship between the bank-full discharge in the tail channel and the flow-sediment is studied.The research results show that the bank full discharge has decreased from 6 000 m3/s at the beginning of the formation of the flow river to 3 000 m3/s in the early of 21th century.The bank-full discharge has double memory effect, that is, the strongest memory lasts nearly two years with the short-term effect, and the deeper memory lasts nearly six years with the long-rang effect.The incoming flow is much bigger and the incoming sediment coefficient is more smaller, so the bank-full discharge become much bigger, and contrarily, the bank-full discharge become much smaller.If the bank-full discharge maintains 4000m3/s, the annual incoming flow must be bigger than 23.3 billion m3, the incoming flow in annual flood season is bigger than 14.1 billion m3, and incoming sediment coefficient in the flood season is about 0.03.The regulation of the flow and sediment of Xiaolangdi reservoir should be made continuously for more than 5-6 years, and will bring good effect During uniform controlling water, daily the minimum discharge in the flood season should be confirmed at Lijin station, it will maintain definite bank full discharge in the tail channel.