涪江上游泥石流灾损土地资源化利用模式

长江流域涪江上游以高山峡谷地貌为主,人地矛盾突出,水热条件较好的泥石流灾损土地是山区居民主要的生产生活场所,高效利用灾损土地是山区发展的重要途径。通过野外调查,初步查明目前涪江上游42处泥石流灾损土地利用类型主要为耕地、林地和建筑用地,分别占调查总数的41.5%、32.8%和12.1%。这42处泥石流灾损土地总面积为2.47 km²,可利用面积为2.12 km²(含已利用建筑用地等),占调查总面积的86%,潜在可利用面积较高。选取土壤肥力、水土保持特性及工程地质特性3个因子进行泥石流灾损土地资源化利用评价,得出涪江上游泥石流灾损土地资源化利用模式。评价结果表明,涪江上游泥石流灾损土地可利用潜力主要以中等和较低程度为主,占调查总数的88.09%,因此,涪江上游泥石流灾损土地资源具有较大的开发潜力。另外,本文以涪江上游黄家坝为例,得出4种灾损土地利用模式,即村落聚集优化区模式、现代农业耕作区模式、水土保持缓冲区模式及工民建设潜力区模式,并在此基础上提出相应的灾损土地利用建议,为山区土地资源化开发利用提供指导。

Land utilization modes of debris flow disaster areas in the upper reaches of Fujiang River

The upper reaches of Fujiang River of Yangtze River Basin is characterized by high mountains and narrow canyons, which results in serious contradiction between local people and land. Due to the good moisture and energy condition, the debris flow disaster areas serve as the main living places for local residents. Therefore, efficient utilization of the debris flow disaster land is one of the most important ways for rural development. Through field survey in the upper reaches of Fujiang River, it is found that the debris flow disaster areas are mainly used as arable land, forest land and construction land, which account for 41.5%, 32.8% and 12.1% respectively. And the total acreage of the 42 debris flow disaster areas is 2.47 km², and the potential usable land area is 2.12 km², accounting for 86% of the total survey areas, which means a highly potential land utilization. Three factors were chosen to evaluate the debris flow disaster areas utilization modes, which were soil fertility, water and soil conservation, and engineering geology. The results show that the main potential utilization level of debris flow disaster areas in the upper reaches of Fujiang River was medium and low extent, which account for 88.09%. Therefore, the debris flow disaster areas in the upper reaches of Fujiang River have a broad prospect in utilization. In this paper, the authors took Huangjiaba as an example and attained four debris flow disaster areas utilization use modes, which were village gathering and optimazation mode, modern agricurture mode, water and soil conservation mode and potential civil construction mode. Meanwhile, land utilization advice was proposed for each mode, which can provide some gridance of land development and utilization for local government.