天保工程对森林涵养水源和保育土壤空间格局的影响——以内蒙古森工林区为例

为了更直观地反映天然林资源保护工程(以下简称“天保工程”)对森林生态系统涵养水源和保育土壤功能产生的影响,体现天保工程所带来的生态效益,依据《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范(GB/T 38582—2020)》,以内蒙古大兴安岭重点国有林管理局的林区为研究对象,对天保工程实施前(1998年)和实施后(2018年)2期森林生态系统涵养水源和保育土壤功能进行量化分析,认为内蒙古大兴安岭重点国有林管理局林区(简称“内蒙古森工林区”)涵养水源价值为950.16亿元(1998年)和1 341.32亿元(2018年),保育土壤的价值为563.49亿元(1998年)和760.11亿元(2018年)。天保工程实施前后,森林生态系统涵养水源功能总价值量排名前3位的林业局依次是根河、莫尔道嘎、乌尔旗汉,保育土壤功能排名前3位的依次是根河、乌尔旗汉、金河。从整体空间分布上分析得出的2期涵养水源和保育土壤功能价值量均呈现中部>北部>南部的趋势。

Impact of NFCP on water and soil conservation of forest ecosystem: A case study of forest industry region in Inner Mongolia

In order to intuitively reflect the impact of the Nature Forest Conservation Project (NFCP) on the conservation of water and soil function in forest ecosystems and present the ecological benefit, according to the assessment standards of the People’s Republic of China(GB/T 38582-2020 Specifications for assessment of forest ecosystem service in China), the researchers in this paper have taken the key state-owned forest districts in Inner Mongolia Area of China as examples to quantitatively analyze the conservation of water and soil function in forest ecosystems of two stages, including Before NFCP (1988) and After NFCP (2018). The results show that the forest ecosystem in key state-owned forest districts in Inner Mongolia Area of China has an annual value of 950.16×10⁸ yuan in 1998 and 1 341.32×10⁸ yuan in 2018 for water conversation, 563.49×10⁸ yuan in 1998 and 760.11×10⁸ yuan in 2018 for soil conversation. The top three forest bureaus with highest values of forest water conversation before and after NFCP are Genhe, Moerdaoga and Wuerqihan, while the top three forest bureaus with highest values of soil conversation are Genhe, Wuerqihan and Jinhe. The spatial pattern distribution of these two conversation values generally decreased from middle and northern parts to southern part.