矿山地质环境影响评价及修复研究——以汶川某废弃露天矿山为例

矿山正常的生产经营活动势必形成一定的矿山地质环境问题。为全面贯彻生态文明思想,牢固树立“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念,按照恢复生态、兼顾景观总体要求,因地制宜、多措并举,扎实开展废弃露天矿山地质环境修复。依据矿山地质环境保护与恢复的相关规范与要求,以汶川某废弃露天矿山为例,从矿山环境角度介绍了矿山地质环境的影响因素,开展矿山斜坡整体稳定性、采场边坡稳定性、弃渣堆稳定性及地形地貌景观破坏等地质环境影响评价,划分治理重点、次重点和一般3个基本的矿山地质环境保护与恢复防治区。结果表明: 矿山斜坡及弃渣堆现状基本稳定、采场边坡稳定性较差、地形地貌景观影响和破坏程度中等; 研究区矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理可划分为一般防治区和较严重防治区,其中一般防治区面积约554 m²(矿区无因采矿活动诱发的地质灾害,影响区内无居民居住,无威胁对象,矿区及周围地表水体未漏失,矿业活动对水土环境影响程度为影响程度小,未影响到矿区及周围生活供水)、较严重防治区面积186 m²(矿区与影响区地质灾害发生可能性小,地形地貌景观影响和破坏程度较严重)。针对评价结果提出的“坡面浮石清理+清除建筑垃圾、块石+植被重建”等修复建议,为同类型矿山绿色开采及地质环境保护措施提供了的重要技术参考依据。

Research on geological environmental impact assessment and rehabilitation of the mine: Taking an abandoned open pit mine in Wenchuan as an example

The normal production and operation activities of mines will inevitably create certain mine geological environmental problems. In order to fully implement the thoughts on ecological civilization and firmly establish the concept of “green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains”, the research should be based on local conditions and take multiple measures to carry out the restoration of the geological environment of abandoned open-pit mines, in accordance with the overall requirements of restoring the ecology and taking into account the landscape. According to the relevant specifications and requirements of mine geological environmental protection and restoration, the authors have taken an abandoned open-pit mine in Wenchuan as an example to introduce the factors affecting the mine geological environment from the perspective of the mine environment. Besides, the geological environment impact assessment of the stability of the stope slope, the site and the waste slag slope, the destruction of topography and landscape was also evaluated, and three basic mine geological environmental protection and restoration prevention areas were divided, namely the key, secondary and general. The results show that the stope slope and the waste slag slope are stable, the stability of the site is poor, and the impact of topography and landscape and the degree of damage are moderate. The mine geological environmental protection and restoration treatment in this area can be divided into general prevention and treatment area and more serious prevention and treatment area. The general prevention and treatment area is about 554 m², where there were no mining geological disasters induced by activities, no residents in the affected area, no threatened objects, no leakage of surface water in the mining area and surrounding areas, and the impact of mining activities on the water and soil environment is small without effect on the living water supply in the mining area and surrounding areas. The more serious prevention and treatment area is 186 m², where the possibility of geological disasters in the mining area and the affected area is small, and the topography and landscape impact and damage are serious. According to the evaluation results, the authors in this paper have put forward the repair suggestions such as “pumice removal + removal of construction waste, block stone + vegetation reconstruction”, which provide important technical basis for the green mining and geological environmental protection in the same type of mines.