国产高分系列卫星在森林火灾应急处置中的全流程应用——以四川九龙县三岩龙乡“4·08”森林火灾为例

四川西部高山峡谷地貌发育,山高林密且地质环境恶劣,区内林草资源丰富,森林火灾多发、易发、频发,灾害应急处置难度大,防控任务重。国产高分系列卫星影像具有时空分辨率高、载荷类型多、机动性强、幅宽范围大、成像迅速等优点,对川西地区森林防灭火、灾害应急处置及防灾减灾等有明显优势。以2021年四川九龙县三岩龙乡“4·08”森林火灾为例,利用国产高分系列卫星数据分别对森林火灾初期、中期及晚期开展应急处置,包括快速解译林火火灾救援要素(初期)、感知亮温异常态势(中期)、跟踪监测过火区动态(中期)、结合火场需求提供应急扑救部署建议(中期)、开展灾损解译评估(晚期)及火后泥石流易发性评价(火后)等,结果表明国产高分系列卫星对森林火灾应急处置的全流程应用具有实践指导意义。

Application of domestic high-resolution satellites in the whole process of emergency disposal on forest fire:A case study of “4·08” forest fire in Sanyanlong Town of Jiulong County,Sichuan Province

High mountains and valleys are well developed in Western Sichuan, with high mountains, dense forests and poor topographic geological environment. The forest and grass resources are relatively rich and forest fires are prone and frequent, which result in difficult disaster emergency disposal and heavy prevention and control tasks. The domestic high-resolution satellite images have the advantages of high temporal and spatial resolution, various load types, strong mobility, wide range and rapid imaging, which have obvious advantages in forest fire prevention, disaster emergency disposal, disaster prevention and reduction in Western Sichuan. The “4·08” forest fire in Sanyanlong Town of Jiulong county in Sichuan Province in 2021 was taken as an example, and the domestic high-resolution satellite data were used to carry out emergency response in the initial, middle and late stage of forest fire respectively in this paper, which included the quick interpretation of the forest fire rescue elements (ini-tial stage), perception of abnormal situation of bright temperature (medium stage), tracking and monitoring the dynamics of the burned area (medium stage), providing emergency rescue deployment suggestions (medium stage), interpretation of disaster loss (late stage), and evaluation of susceptibility of post fire debris flow (after fire stage). The results show that domestic high-resolution satellites have important practical guiding significance for the whole process of forest fire emergency disposal.