陕北黄土地层地貌特征及工程特性综述

陕北地区作为我国能源基地、农牧业生产基地和旅游基地,工程活动正在不断加强,但对于陕北黄土地区的区域工程特性研究较少。因此,结合野外调研以及相关勘察资料,对陕北黄土地层地貌及工程特性进行了综合分析。研究结果表明: 陕北黄土地层可划分为全新统风积沙、上更新统黄土、中更新统黄土、新近系岩石和古近系岩石; 陕北黄土地貌可划分为黄土侵蚀-构造堆积地貌、黄土现代构造(变形)地貌、黄土湿陷地貌和黄土侵蚀地貌; 因沉积年代和赋存环境的不同,陕北南部和北部黄土的工程特性(主要包括湿陷性、渗透性以及力学性质)迥异。陕北黄土地层地貌特征及工程特性的研究不仅与陕北地区的工程地质、水文地质和环境地质等研究有着密切的联系,而且对于陕北黄土分布区的生态、经济以及国防等国计民生建设具有重要的指导意义。

Landform and engineering characteristics of loess in northern Shaanxi Province

As an energy base, a farming and animal husbandry production base and a tourist base in northern Shaanxi, China, this region becomes more dynamic in engineering activities. However, only limited studies on the local engineering features in northern Shaanxi were carried out. In order to systematically and comprehensively study the geomorphological and engineering properties of the loess layer in northern Shaanxi, a comprehensive analysis of the loess layer in northern Shaanxi was conducted based on field surveys and related survey data. The analysis results show that the strata in the study area can be divided into Holocene aeolian sand, Upper Pleistocene loess, Middle Pleistocene loess, Neogene and Paleogene rocks. And the northern Shaanxi landscape is divided into loess erosion-tectonic accumulation topography, loess modern structure (deformation) landforms, loess depression landforms, and loess erosion landforms. Engineering properties (including collapsibility, permeability, mechanical properties etc.) of loess mass from north to south in northern Shaanxi are quite different due to different depositional ages and occurrence environment. The research of landform and engineering characteristics in this paper not only has a close relationship with engineering geology, hydrology geology and environmental geology, but also has important guiding significance in the construction of ecology, economy, and national defense in the loess area of northern Shaanxi Province.