山东省东部地区浅层地下水地球化学特征及环境质量评价

以山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查中浅层地下水数据为基础,对分析测试的29项指标的地球化学特征进行了研究。调查区浅层地下水中,Mo、Pb、Mn、Fe、Cl-、NO2-、总硬度等含量变化较大,导致局部水质变差;其他指标含量变化较小,在浅层地下水中分布均匀。参照我国地下水质量标准和生活饮用水质量标准,对本区浅层地下水进行了单因子与综合环境质量评价,该区不可直接饮用的浅层地下水占44.88%,综合环境质量较差;地下水污染多发生在主要城市、工矿企业及其周边地区;单指标水污染呈点(源)状、线状分布,主要超标指标为总硬度、溶解性总固体、高锰酸钾指数、NO2-、Cl-、F-、Mn、Fe。重点探讨了高密北部高氟浅层地下水形成的原因,为区内高氟水治理及地氟病防治提供了依据。

THE EVALUATION OF THE GEOCHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT QUALITY OF SHALLOW UNDERGROUND WATER IN EAST SHANDONG PROVINCE

Geochemical characteristics of 29 elements or indicators which had been analyzed and tested were studied in this paper on the basis of the shallow groundwater data obtained from the agro-ecological geochemical survey in eastern Shandong Province.the results show that several indicators（such as Mo,Pb,Mn,Fe,Cl-,NO-₂ and total hardness） in the shallow groundwater of the study area have changed significantly,which has led to the deterioration of local groundwater quality.Other indicators have changed relatively insignificantly and are evenly distributed in the shallow groundwater.In the light of the Quality Standard for Groundwater and Standards for Drinking Water Quality,the authors made single factor and integrated environmental quality evaluation of local shallow groundwater.The results show that the area of shallow groundwater unsuitable for direct drinking accounts for 44.88%,the integrated environmental quality is relatively poor,groundwater pollution occurs in such areas as major cities,industrial and mining enterprises as well as their surrounding districts.Single indicator groundwater pollution assumes point-like or linear distribution,the exceesive indicators include total hardness,total dissolved solids,potassium permanganate index,NO-₂,Cl-,F-,Mn,Fe etc.The studies were focused on the formation mechanism of high-density fluorosis in shallow groundwater,and the result provides a basis for prevention and treatment of fluorosis in the study area.