海洋溢油模型及其应用研究进展

根据滥油模型的数学计算理论不同,溢油模型主要有两个类型,欧拉-拉格朗日理论模型和蒙持卡罗方法模型。欧拉-拉格朗日理论模型主要包括:全动力轨迹模型和溢油归宿模型。溢油归宿模型又包括溢油扩展、扩散模型和风化模型。风化模型包括蒸发、溶解、乳化、光氧化、生物降解等过程。蒙持卡罗方法模型在欧拉-拉格朗日理论模型基础上增加了溢油扩散随机数的计算,应用随机数来计算油膜三维扩展尺度。该模型是对欧拉-拉格朗日理论模型的补充和完善。目前国内以及日本、美国、新加坡等国学者们分别在海湾,海峡等(?)了溢油组合模型。但由于他们的研究重点不同,模型没有得到全面的应用。溢油模型的前景相对可观,其与溢油应急反应专家系统的结合使得我们可以根据应急系统做出相应的应急计划,并通过模拟来对溢油损害索赔进行定量。

RESEARCH AND APPLICATION PROGRESS OF MARINE OIL-SPILL MODELS

According to the calculation theory, marine oil-spill models can be categorized into two different types, namely the Euler-Lagrange type and the Monte-Carlo type. The Euler-Lagrange model includes the tracing model and the end-result model. The latter consistsof oil spreading, dispersion and weathering models. The weathering model takes several processes into consideration, such as evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, oxidation and biodegra-dation. The Monte-Carlo model modified the Euler-Lagrange model by adding the calculation of randon numbers, which is used to compute the 3-dimensional geometry of expanding oil slicks. So this model is also regarded as an improved version of the Euler-Lagrange model. In this paper, the history and the future of the oil spill model are reviewed and discussed in both research and application. When applying the models in a bay or strait, most researchers considered only some factors and neglected the others, from the view point of their own. The Marine Oil-spill Models have a bright future. When combining these models with the professional emergencys system dealing with accidents of ocean oil spills, we can formulate a project to reduce the damage from oil spilling and conduct calculations regarding compensation claims.