海洋溢油的风化过程研究

水体中石油的分布与归宿取决于溢油风化.在溢油扩散漂移的同时,发生油类蒸发与溶解过程.石油烃在光能的激发和微量金属离子的催化下会发生氧化反应.石油入海后,在风、浪的作用下很容易发生乳化作用.油膜和分散液滴可附在海洋中悬浮颗粒物上沉淀,溶解的烃类吸附在固体颗粒物上沉淀.石油烃类的生物化学作用为其决定性降解作用.油的风化是许多不同过程的综合过程,它们是同时发生,互相影响的.未来需要在组成、性质和行为相互关系的研究基础上进行.在分子水平上系统研究溢油风化过程对于溢油事故发生后肇事者的确定、危害评价以及生物修复效果评估等具有重要的指导意义.

STUDY ON THE WEATHERING PROCESSES OF SPILLED OILS

The distribution and end result of oils in water lie on the weathering process of spilled oils.Firstly,spilled oils diffuse into oil film,then part of them vaporize,dissolve and emulsify,at last,the leftover solidify out into solid grain and adsorption precipitation take places.The oxidation reaction of hydrocarbon can occur with the catalyzing of metallic ionic in minute quantities and the excitation light energy.The biodegradation of hydrocarbon is a decisive degradation.The weathering process of spilled oils is a synthetical process of different.Unfortunately,the comprehensive consideration is not enough for understanding and model setup of spilled oils,which based on the study of correlation of composition,character and behavior.Detailed characterization and understanding of oil weathering at the molecular level is an essential part of tiered approaches for forensic oil spill identification,for risk assessment of oil spills,and for evaluating effects of bioremediation initiatives.