海上风电对海洋生态环境与海洋生物资源的综合影响研究进展

海上风电具有就近消纳方便、发电效率高和不消耗化石能源等特点，在低碳经济发展背景下，加快海上风电开发已成为全球各国促进能源结构转型与可持续发展的普遍共识。但海上风电在建设及运营过程中所产生的噪音和磁场对海洋环境和生物的影响尚不明确。本文系统梳理了全球海上风电发展现状，分析了海上风电开发对海洋生态环境与生物资源的综合影响，从生理、行为和分子三个层面重点分析了海上风电所产生的噪音和磁场对海洋生物的潜在影响，以期为科学利用海上风电提供参考。

Research progress on the comprehensive impact of offshore wind farms on the marine ecological environment and biological resources

Offshore wind farm has the characteristics of convenient consumption, high farm generation efficiency and no consumption of fossil energy. In the background of low-carbon economic development, accelerating the development of offshore wind farm has become a universal consensus for all countries around in the world to promote the transformation and sustainable development of energy structure. However, the impact of noise and magnetic fields generated by offshore wind farm on the marine environment and organisms is not yet clear. This paper systematically combs the current situation of global offshore wind farm development, analyzes the comprehensive impact of offshore wind farm development on the marine environment and biological resources, and summarizes the potential effects of noise and magnetic field generated by offshore wind farm on marine organisms from the physiological, behavioral and molecular levels, with a view to providing reference for the scientific use of offshore wind farm.