福建沿海风暴潮特征的分析

通过普查1960-2001年正面登陆我国东南沿海的台风，分析了福建沿海风暴潮的特征及其可能原因。台湾海峡特殊地形对福建沿海风暴潮的时空分布有明显影响，登陆岸段不同，台湾海峡对风暴潮的影响作用也不同，导致福建沿海风暴潮出现明显不同的分布和变化特征。当台风位于台湾海峡时，其大风区位置利范围不同，会影响福建沿海各地风暴增水的幅度。台风横穿台湾海峡时，易使福建沿海台风大风区中心岸段出现双增水峰现象，第一个增水峰出现在台风离开台湾岛进入台湾海峡后，第二个增水峰出现在台风登陆福建沿海前后。台风横穿台湾海峡有时会引起台湾海峡北部出现奇异增水现象，风暴潮与天文潮之间的相互作用可能是其重要原因。奇异增水峰往往出现在天文潮低潮附近，此时实际潮位并不高。

On the Characteristics of Storm Surges along Fujian Coast

The characteristics and possible mechanisms of storm surges along Fujian coast have been analyzed after investigating the typhoons which passed perpendicularly across the southeastern coastline of China during the period from 1960 to 2001. The specific topography of the Taiwan Straits obviously affects the distributions and variations of storm surges along Fujian coast. The influence of the Taiwan Straits on storm surges depends on the landing place of typhoon. Typhoon moving in the Taiwan Straits, the strength of storm surges is affected by the location and the scope of strong wind. When typhoon moves across the Taiwan Straits, it tends to induce double peaks of storm surges along the coast near the center of strong wind. The first peak appears after it leaves Taiwan island and the second appears before or after it lands on Fujian coast. It sometimes induces abnormal storm surges along the northern Fujian coast and the interaction between storm surges and astronomical tides may be the important reason. The peak of the abnormal storm surges often appears at the time near the low tide of the astronomical tide and at this time the actual tide level is not very high.