辽宁省海洋生态修复现状、存在的问题及对策建议

随着沿海经济带的开发建设,海洋生态环境承受着巨大压力,湿地、河口、海湾、海岛等重要生态系统面临前所未有的威胁。对海洋生态的保护修复已经迫在眉睫、刻不容缓。文章基于辽宁省海洋资源环境的特征,结合海域开发利用及海洋生态修复现状,探索辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题,并提出生态修复重点及对策建议,截至2017年,累计整治修复岸线长度约140km,整治修复海域面积超过50km~2。辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题有:近岸局部海域水体污染、生态受损;湿地、滩涂面积有缩减趋势;河口生态系统脆弱,生物多样性指数降低;海湾生态功能退化;海岛生态环境失衡。辽宁省应重点开展海湾环境综合治理以及滨海湿地、岸滩、岛礁等整治修复工作。

Current Status,Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Marine Ecology Restoration in Liaoning Province

With the development and construction of the coastal economic belt,the marine ecological environment is under tremendous pressure.Important ecosystems such as wetlands,estuaries,bays and islands are facing unprecedented threats.The protection for marine ecology is imminent and urgent.Based on the characteristics of marine resources and environment in Liaoning province,combined with the status quo of sea area utilization and marine ecological restoration,this paper explored the main problems facing marine ecological protection and restoration in Liaoning province,and put forward key points and countermeasures.As of 2017,Liaoning province had rectified and repaired about 140 kilometers of coastline and more than 50 square kilometers of sea area.The main problems facing the restoration of marine ecology in Liaoning province are: the water pollution and ecological damage in the coastal waters;the shrinkage of wetlands and tidal flats;the fragile ecosystem and the decrease of the biodiversity index in the estuaries;and the degradation of the ecological function of the bays;the unbalanced ecological environment of the islands.Liaoning province should focus on the comprehensive improvement of the Gulf environment and the remediation to coastal wetlands,beaches,islands and reefs.