基于集约理念的海上风电用海面积控制指标研究

近年来我国沿海地区海上新能源用海、油气用海、交通运输用海等需求显著提高，对海洋空间资源的刚性需求急剧增加，供需矛盾日益紧张。尤其是海上风电用海，受国家宏观战略影响，呈现跨越式发展，装机容量跃居世界第一。大规模海上风电建设对海洋空间资源配置提出更高的要求，如何既保障海上风电用海需求，又协调海上风电与其他行业的用海矛盾，成为亟待解决的重要问题。树立自然资源集约利用理念能够良好解决上述问题，集约利用理念既是全面提高海洋空间资源利用效率的内在要求以及协调保护与利用显著矛盾的需要，更是协调保护与发展关系的关键。基于此，文章系统分析现有海上风电场外缘边线包络海域面积、确权海域面积等数据，采用集约化的空间资源开发理念，从项目选址与海缆路由、风电场设计与技术要求、用海范围及确权面积控制等方面完善海上风电用海面积控制指标体系，以期提高海上风电项目用海集约水平。

The Sea Area Control Index of Offshore Wind Power Based on Intensive Concept

In recent years, the demand for marine new energy, oil and gas, and transportation in coastal areas has increased significantly. The rigid demand for marine space resources has increased sharply, and the contradiction between supply and demand has become increasingly tense. In particular, the sea use of offshore wind power, affected by the national macro strategy, has shown a leap forward development, with the installed capacity ranking first in the world. The construction of large-scale offshore wind power has put forward higher requirements for the allocation of marine space resources. How to ensure the demand for offshore wind power and coordinate the contradiction between offshore wind power and other industries in the use of sea has become an important problem to be solved. Establishing the concept of intensive use of natural resources can solve the above problems well. The concept of intensive use is not only the internal requirement to comprehensively improve the utilization efficiency of marine space resources, the urgent need to solve the outstanding contradiction between protection and development, but also the key to coordinate the relationship between protection and development. Based on this, this paper aimed to systematically analyze the existing data of the sea area covered by offshore wind farms and the sea area for right confirmation, adopted the concept of intensive space resource development, and improved the sea area control index system for offshore wind power from the aspects of project site selection and submarine cable routing, wind farm design and technical requirements, sea use scope and area control for right confirmation, so as to improve the sea use intensive level of offshore wind power projects.