天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放误差研究

合理的人工鱼礁布局可以为海洋生物提供适宜的生境，促进物种的多样性和生态系统的稳定。然而受多种因素的影响，人工鱼礁投放的实际位置与规划方案多有差异，致使人工鱼礁建设达不到预期效果。文章利用重心误差、外围面积误差、重叠面积误差以及礁体数量误差等4个指标来评价天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放误差状况。结果表明，天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放的外围面积误差和礁体数量误差的平均值分别为-0.11和0.067，投放布局的准确性比较高；重心和重叠面积误差平均值分别为0.59和0.73，投放定位的准确性相对较差，需要进一步改进；从年际变化来看，2018年人工鱼礁投放的重心误差、重叠面积误差、礁体数量误差均有明显改善，仅外围面积误差略大，表明随着时间的推移，人工鱼礁投放布局和定位的准确性均已达到预期效果。文章量化了天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放误差，成果可为提高天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放效果提供有益参考，为相关政策制定提供科学依据，并指导管理实践。

Research on the Placement Error of Artificial Fish Reef in Tianjin Marine Ranching

Reasonable artificial reef layout can provide suitable habitat, promote species diversity and ecosystem stability. However, affected by various factors, the actual location of the artificial reef may be different from the plan, resulting in the failure of the artificial reef construction to achieve the expected results. In this study, four indicators, including center of gravity error, peripheral area error, overlapping area error, and reef quantity error, were used to evaluate the status of artificial reef placement errors in Tianjin Ocean Ranching. The results showed that the error of the peripheral area and reef quantity is -0.11 and 0.067, respectively, it meant that the accuracy of delivery layout was relatively high; the average error of center of gravity and overlapping area was 0.59 and 0.73, respectively, and the accuracy of delivery positioning was relatively poor, which needed further improvement. From the perspective of actual changes, in 2018, the center of gravity error, overlapping area error, and reef quantity error of artificial reefs were significantly improved, and only the peripheral area error was slightly larger, indicating that the accuracy has achieved the expected effect. This study quantified the placement error of artificial reefs in Tianjin Ocean Ranching, and the results could provide useful reference for improving the effect of artificial reef placement, provide a scientific basis for relevant policy formulation, and guide management practices for Tianjin Ocean Ranching.