我国典型国家级海洋公园建设管理的研究与建议

2011年至今，我国已批复建立海洋保护区类的国家级海洋公园有48处。国家级海洋公园的建设是海洋生态文明建设的具体体现，不仅推动海洋生态保护的可持续性，也为滨海旅游业的发展提供保障，为实现人民群众追求美好生活提供了高质量的滨海休憩空间。通过掌握国内海洋保护区类的海洋公园的建设及管理的现状，对海洋公园管理办法的出台提供一些借鉴性依据，文章从国内外海洋保护区管理的背景分析开始，并选取两个典型的海洋保护区类的国家级海洋公园为例，分析了国家海洋公园管理体制存在问题及其原因，并提出：完善海洋公园相关的法律法规，理顺保护区的管理体制；建立完善的海洋公园管理机构，创新海洋公园管理模式；强化监视监测系统的建设，提高信息化科学化管理技术水平；加强执法装备的建设规划，提高依法行政的管理水平；对公园原住民实施相关经济补偿；创新宣传模式，发挥宣传载体作用；善于学习借鉴，加强国内国外合作等管理建议。为今后开展海洋公园规范化建设提供思路。

Research and Suggestions on the Construction and Management of Typical National Marine Parks in China

Since 2011,China has approved the establishment of 48 National Marine parks.The establishment of National Marine Parks has provided the public with a good marine environment for coastal recreation and entertainment space.Besides of promoting marine ecological conservation,marine parks have promoted the sustainable development of marine tourism and enrich the contents of marine ecological civilization.By mastering the current situation of the construction and management of marine parks in China,this paper provided some background analysis of management of marine reserves at home and abroad,and selected two typical national marine parks as examples to analyze the problems and reasons of the management system of national marine parks,based on which this paper proposed the following suggestions: improving the relevant laws and regulations of Marine Parks to straighten out the management system of protected areas; establishing a sound management organization for Marine Park innovation management mode; strengthening the construction of surveillance and monitoring system to improve the level of information-based scientific management technology; strengthening the construction and planning of enforcement equipment to improve the governance according to law; implementing relevant economic compensation to aborigines in parks; innovating propaganda means to play the role of propaganda carrier; learning,using reference,and strengthening domestic and foreign cooperation.Relevant suggestions and analysis of this study had provided ideas for the future standardization of marine park construction.