几种海藻粗多糖的理化性质及结构特征分析

主要采用傅里叶红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)、气相色谱(gas chromatography, GC)和凝胶渗透色谱(gel permeation chromatography, GPC)方法对5种海藻粗多糖的单糖组成、官能团、分子量进行了初步分析。结果显示5种海藻粗多糖均含有木糖和岩藻糖, 其中南方团扇藻多糖含有较为丰富的山梨糖, 属于大分子量均一性多糖, 而孔石莼多糖分子量分布较宽, 均一性较差。红外光谱分析结果表明, 5种粗多糖均为酸性多糖, 棒叶蕨藻、琼枝麒麟菜和匍枝马尾藻多糖具有明显的硫酸基团吸收峰, 琼枝麒麟菜多糖存在呋喃糖和吡喃糖, 并且吡喃糖苷键可能存在β和α两种类型。明胶氯化钡实验结果指出南方团扇藻多糖的硫酸基团含量为38.43%(±2.38%), 明显高于其他几种海藻多糖, 而棒叶蕨藻多糖的硫酸基团含量最低, 仅为8.92%(±1.04%)。

Analysis of physicochemical properties and structure characteristics of several crude algal polysaccharides

The monosaccharide composition, functional groups and molecular weight of five crude algal polysaccharides were analyzed by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed that five crude algal polysaccharides contained both xylose and fucose. Padina australis polysaccharide, which was the high molecular weight uniformity-polysaccharide, contained the rich sorbitol, whereas Ulva lactuca polysaccharide had a wide molecular weight distribution and was the poor uniformity-polysaccharide. The analysis of FTIR indicated that five crude polysaccharides were both acidic polysaccharides. Caulerpa sertularioides, Sargassum polycystum and Betaphycus gelatinum polysaccharide had obvious absorption peak of sulfate group. The structure of Betaphycus gelatinum polysaccharide included furanose and pyranose, and the glycosidic bond might include beta and alpha types. The sulfate content of Padina australis polysaccharide was 38.43% (±2.38%), which was significantly higher than that of the other kinds of algal polysaccharides, whereas the sulfate content of Caulerpa sertularioides polysaccharide was only 8.92%(±1.04%).