海洋贝类利用模式生命周期评价方法研究

首次将产品生命周期评价方法(LCA)应用于海洋贝类利用模式上。根据海洋贝类利用技术产业发展的特性和趋势,设计构建了由确定目标和范围、清单分析、影响评价3个步骤组成的评价体系,挑选了具有典型代表的2种扇贝利用模式进行评价,对其生产过程中的资源消耗、固体废弃物、富营养化、温室效应、酸化影响和潜在影响进行对比评价。评价结果显示其中资源消耗、温室效应、酸化影响、潜在健康影响的影响潜值模式2(产品模式为扇贝柱、复合氨基酸、鱼虾饵料和贝壳工艺品)比模式1(产品模式为扇贝柱、食用贝边、鱼虾鲜饵料和饲料添加剂)低;而固体废弃物、富营养化的影响潜值,模式2比模式1高。本评价方法可用于选择和优化海洋贝类的绿色化高值利用模式。研究表明,利用文章提出的海洋贝类利用评价方法可以有效掌握贝类利用的整个过程的环境行为,确定其中优化资源、节省能源和减少污染的关键步骤,为优化利用模式提供基础数据支持。

A study on life cycle assessment method of marine shellfish utilization model

In this paper,life cycle assessment(LCA) is first used in the evaluation of marine shellfish utilization model.The evaluation system has three parts,including goal and scope definition,inventory analysis,and impact assessment.Two typical models of scallop utilization are selected to contrast and evaluate some impact categories,such as resource depletion,solid waste,eutrophication,greenhouse effect,acidification effect and potential health effect.According to the evaluation result,the overall impact potential of high-value utilization model 2(with products of scallop meat,compound amino acid,fish and shrimp bait and shellwork) of scallop is lower than that of the model 1(with products of scallop meat,edible scallop skirt,fresh bait and feed additive).The method can be used to select and optimize green high-value utilization of marine shellfish.