中街山列岛海域食物网结构初步研究及主要消费者潜在碳源分析

为了解中街山列岛的食物网结构特征，本研究于2020年7月在中街山列岛海域采集鱼类、虾蟹类、头足类、贝螺类和浮游动物等消费者样本，利用碳、氮稳定同位素技术，分析大型海藻、浮游植物、悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)和沉积物有机物(SOM)4种潜在碳源对消费者的贡献率以及中街山列岛海域的食物网结构和营养关系。结果表明：(1)碳源的δ¹³C值范围在-22.93‰～-9.73‰之间，δ15N值范围在1.72‰～7.68‰之间，消费者的δ¹³C值范围在-21.95‰～-12.55‰之间，δ15N值范围在4.13‰～12.92‰之间，不同碳源及不同消费者类群之间的碳、氮稳定同位素均有显著性差异(p<0.01);(2)应用SIBER模型计算中街山列岛海域的营养结构指标，与其他海域的研究结果对比发现，该海域生态系统的食源多样性更加丰富，营养级长度和生态位总空间较高；(3)应用SIAR模型计算碳源贡献率，结果表明浮游植物和POM是该海域的重要碳源，平均贡献率为29.63%和28.72%；浮游植物对浮游动物的贡献率最大为80.58%,POM对鱼类的贡献率最大为79....

Preliminary study on the food web and potential carbon sources of main consumers in Zhongjieshan Islands sea area in Zhoushan,Zhejiang

In order to understand the characteristics of food web structure in Zhongjieshan Islands, consumer samples of fish, shrimp and crabs, cephalopods, shellfish and zooplankton were collected from Zhongjieshan Islands in July 2020. Based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope techniques, the contributions of the four potential carbon sources (macroalgae, phytoplankton, suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and substrate organic matter (SOM)) to consumers, as well as the food web structure and nutritional relationship of the Zhongjieshan Islands were analyzed. The results revealed that the δ13C values of carbon sources ranged from ?22.93‰ to ?9.73‰, and the δ15N values ranged from 1.72‰ to 7.68‰. The δ13C values of consumers ranged from ?21.95‰ to ?12.55‰, and the δ15N values of consumers ranged from 4.13‰ to 12.92‰. One-way analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes among different carbon sources and different groups of consumers (p<0.01). SIBER model was used to analyze the trophic structure indexes of the regional ecosystem of Zhongjieshan Islands. Compared with the research results of other sea areas, it was found that the level of food source diversity (CR), trophic level length (NR) and total niche area (TA) were relatively high. SIAR model was used to calculate the carbon source contribution rate. The results showed that phytoplankton and POM were important carbon sources, with an average contribution rate of 29.63% and 28.72%. The maximum contribution rate of phytoplankton to zooplankton was 80.58%, and the maximum contribution rate of POM to fish was 79.74%; the maximum contribution rate of SOM to shrimp and crab was 49.94%; the carbon source contribution of macroalgae to consumers was the lowest, with an average of 18.37%. The mean trophic level range of the main consumers in Zhongjieshan Islands was 1.58 to 3.63, and the trophic level was 3. The average trophic level from big to small was as follows of cephalopods (3.09), fish (3.00), shrimps and crabs (2.70), shellfish (1.82). The consumers in the waters of Zhongjieshan Islands were mainly low and intermediate carnivores, and there were few omnivores and high carnivores. This study initially constructed the ecosystem food web of Zhongjieshan Islands, which provided reference data for understanding the trophic structure in this area, and also provided theoretical information for further study of the ecosystem.