黄河口鱼类群落分类学多样性的研究

根据2013-2014年在黄河口水域进行的7个航次的鱼类资源底拖网调查数据，应用分类多样性指数分析了黄河口水域鱼类群落生物多样性的时空变化。黄河口鱼类主名录的平均分类差异指数△+理论平均值为75.5。2013-2014年调查中，该水域共捕获鱼类51种，隶属10目、27科、43属，以鲈形目、鲱形目和鲉形目鱼类居多。本次调查中鱼类群落分类多样性指数△和分类差异指数△*月变化范围分别为39.98~65.48和59.15~75.54，均表现为夏季月份最高，春、秋季月份次之，冬季最低。除春季月份外，其他月份鱼类平均分类差异指数△+均显著低于黄河口鱼类主名录的△+理论平均值。不同月份中平均分类差异指数△+也呈现一定的空间变化，夏、秋季月份绝大部分站位平均分类差异指数处于95%置信范围内，春、冬季月份个别站位的平均分类差异指数显著低于理论平均值，这与这些站位绝大多数种类集中在鲈形目有关。黄河口水域鱼类分类学多样性具有明显的时空变化，鱼类资源衰退，应加强该水域鱼类资源养护和多样性保护。

Taxonomic diversity of fish community in the Yellow River Estuary

Based on the data collected from the bottom trawl surveys in 2013-2014, the spatial and temporal changes of taxonomic diversity of fish assemblages in the Yellow River Estuary were examined using taxonomic diversity indices. In the survey of 2013-2014, in total 52 species belonging to 9 orders, 26 families, 44 genera were caught in the Yellow River estuary, and the species in Perciformes, Clupeiformes and Scorpaeniformes accounted for the majority of fish species composition. The monthly ranges were 39.98-65.48 and 59.15-75.54 for taxonomic diversity △ and taxonomic distinctness △*, respectively. Both two indices were highest in summer months, followed by spring and autumn months, the lowest in winter in 2013-2014 surveys. Except the spring months, the average taxonomic distinctness △+of fish community in other months was significantly lower than that of fish master list in the Yellow River estuary. There was a certain spatial variation for the average taxonomic distinctness △+ in each month in 2013-2014. The average taxonomic distinctness values were in the 95% confidence intervals for most sampling stations in summer and autumn months, and were significantly lower than the expected △+ in part sampling stations in spring and winter months, which was probably due to concentration of the most fish species in the Perciformes in these stations.