白令海和楚科奇海鱼类种类组成及其对生态环境变化的响应

根据第4次中国北极科学考察在白令海与楚科奇海进行的鱼类拖网调查资料,分析了白令海与楚科奇海鱼类生物的种类组成、优势种、物种多样性和区系特征,探讨了鱼类生物对北极气候快速变化的响应。结果表明,白令海与楚科奇海两个海域共鉴定鱼类生物14科41种;主要优势种类为粗壮拟庸鲽(Hippoglossoides robustus)、北鳕(Boreogadus saida)、短角床杜父鱼(Myoxocephalus scorpius)、斑鳍北鳚(Lumpenus fabricii)、粗糙钩杜父鱼(Artediellus scaber);从适温性来看,冷水性种类最多,有35种,冷温性种类6种;从栖息地生态类型来看,底层鱼类、近底层鱼类和中上层鱼类分别为35、5和1种;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均为1.21,呈现南高北低的特点,整体多样性水平不高;气候变化引起部分北极、亚北极海区鱼类出现不同程度的纬向和纵向移动,由此将引起北极渔业资源分布格局的变化。

Composition of fish species in Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea and its responses to changes of ecological environment

On the basis of trawl surveys in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea during the 2010 Chinese Arctic Research Expedition, the fish biodiversity feature, such as fish species composition, dominant species, biodiversity and faunal characteristics were conducted. We discussed the responses of fishes due to the quick changes of Arctic climate. The results show that a total of 41 species in 14 families have been recorded in Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. The dominant species are Hippoglossoides robustus, Boreogadus saida, Myoxocephalus scorpius, Lumpenus fabricii, Artediellus scaber. There are 35 cold water species and 6 cold temperate species. The habitat types of fish can be grouped as follows: 35 demersal fishes, 5 benthopelagic fishes, and 1 pelagic fish, respectively. Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H')(range between 0 and 2.18, and 1.21 in average) was not high, descend from south to north. Climate change has urged some fishes to shift in their latitudinal and longitudinal distribution around the Arctic and Subarctic areas, this could lead to the declination of Arctic fisheries resources.