2014—2015年硇洲岛大型海藻场浮游动物的群落结构和季节变化

2014年4月、7月、10月和2015年1月分别对硇洲岛大型海藻场附近海域的浮游动物进行了季节调查，分析了浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、群落结构、丰度和生物量的季节变化及影响因素。结果共检出浮游动物91种和浮游幼虫36种，隶属于17大类群。其4个季节的平均丰度和生物量分别为186.5 ind/m3和431.0 mg/m3，高峰期均位于夏季，低谷位于冬季。优势种共有19种（类）。生物多样性分析表明，研究海域浮游动物具有较高的均匀度（0.74），生物多样性指数较高（3.14）。根据聚类分析结果，可将调查海区的浮游动物在38％相似性水平上划分为4组，浮游动物的群落组成呈较明显的季节变化。组群的组内相似性和组间非相似性均大于50%，对组内相似性及组间非相似性起主要贡献的种类有37种。通过生物-环境匹配（BIOENV）分析，水温、盐度、浮游植物丰度和叶绿素a浓度是影响浮游动物群落结构的环境因子。

Community structure and seasonal variation of zooplankton in macroalgae beds of the Naozhou Island from 2014 to 2015

Zooplankton community was seasonally carried out in the macroalgae beds of Naozhou Island of Guangdong, China, from April 2014 to January 2015. The species composition, dominant species, community structure, abundance and biomass of zooplankton and factors were analyzed.Totally, 91 species and 36 pelagic larvae groups, belonging to 17 large groups, were found in this sea area. The annual average density and biomass were 186.5 ind/m³ and 431.0 mg/m³ respectively, with the maximum in summer and the minimum in winter. The dominant species included 19 species. Zooplankton exhibited high in evenness (0.74) and high diversity indices (3.14). By hierarchical cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) assisted analyzing, zooplankton in the area could be formed into four assemblages joining at a distance of 38%. The community exhibited bimodal annual variation trend. Within-group similarity or between-group dissimilarity of groups were all greater than 50% and 37 types were major contributors. The biota-environment matching (BIOENV) analysis showed that the water temperature, salinity, phytoplankton density and Chl a concentration accounted for important temporal variation in the zooplankton community.