我国硬式护岸、渔港工程和人工岛等3类典型海岸工程对相邻海滩的影响研究

我国硬式护岸、渔港工程和人工岛等3类典型海岸工程对相邻海滩有显著影响.本研究以泉州青山湾护岸、泉州崇武中心渔港、海口南海明珠人工岛等建设前后海滩变化为例,开展对海滩岸线形态及部分典型剖面形态的对比分析.结果表明,临海硬式护岸岸前海滩发生明显下蚀,护岸下游海滩岸线侵蚀后退,发育侵蚀热点,剖面伴有下蚀;渔港工程拦沙堤附近岸线局部淤涨,下游海滩岸线大范围侵蚀后退,出现侵蚀热点,侵蚀热点处剖面明显下蚀;人工岛后波影区内海滩淤积,形成沙岬或连岛沙坝突出体,突出体两侧岸线均发生不同程度侵蚀后退.通过分析典型工程案例,探讨了3类海岸工程对相邻海滩的影响方式、影响尺度和原因,对比分析不同类型海岸工程对相邻海滩的负面影响,可为海岸工程建设管理和海滩保护提供参考.

Study on the influence of hard revetment, harbor engineering and artificial island on the adjacent beach in China

The impacts of hard revetment, harbor engineering and artificial island on coastal morphology are evident in China. This study compares the beach shoreline position and beach typical profiles before and after the construction of Qingshan Bay revetment and Chongwu harbor in Quanzhou Bay and Nanhaimingzhu artificial island in Haikou Bay. The results show that obvious downward erosion on the front of the revetment and beach appears on the downstream of the revetment.Sedimentary deposits occur near the sand barrier of the harbor. Erosion on a big scale on the downstream of the beach with erosion hot spot. Obvious downward erosion is found on the profile of the erosion section.For the artificial island, sandbar and island-connecting-headland are formed by the sedimentary deposits behind the island, where they are eroded at the both sides of the protrusion. Based on the analysis of typical engineering cases, the influences of 3 types of coastal engineering at the beaches are discussed and compared. This study will provide references data for the construction management of coastal engineering and beach protection.