黑潮区域表层水温变异特征及其对大气环流响应的初步分析

海洋和大气是一个不断相互作用的复杂的耦合系统,其相互作用的结果对长期天气过程的演变以及海洋环境的变化都有着重大的影响。从六十年代开始,这一研究课题就引起了海洋学家和气象学家的广泛重视。如Bjerknes指出，赤道海温及其相应的环流有准两年周期,表明了海表温度与中低纬度环流之间的关系; Namias指出,海表温度与海平面气压场的关系密切,可以用预报的海平面平均气压场的分布来预报下个月的海表温度。目前在数值模拟试验中,也将海气相互作用加以参数化考虑进去,提高了预报精度。本文拟以平均资料,准定量地分析黑潮地区表层水温的变异特性及其物理过程,并在此基础上探讨它与大气环流的关系。 文中的海表温度资料,1951-1962年取自美国的北太平洋海面温度资料,1963-1972年取自日本的北太平洋气候表,1973年以后采用我国海洋局水文气象总台整理的资料,北半球500毫巴高度采用上海气象台整理的资料,热量平衡各分量的计算值取自西北太平洋海面热量平衡图集。

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEASONAL VARIATION OF MEAN SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE KUROSHIO REGION AND ITS RESPONSE TO ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

The paper quasi-quantitatively analysed the characteristies of seasonal variation of mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the kuroshio region and its physical processes. This study showed that not only the heat budget through the sea surface was possessed of an important influence for variation of SST, but also advectional heat transfer, and horizontal diffusions inter water cann''t be neglected. The order of magnitude of heat transfer term was estimated respectively. Based on mentioned above the relationship between the asymmetrical variation of SST and atmospheric circulation was discussed. From the results of the above relationship, the atmospheric circulation in winter had significant effect on the asymmetrical variation of SST.