渤海湾海河口有机污染水域海洋异养细菌的分布及其菌群组成研究

河口区海域是河川径流与海水交汇混合的地带，水环境各要素的变化相当复杂，构成了一个特殊的生态系统。 河口水的盐度因径流量的变化和潮汐的作用而具明显的季节变化和日变化。丰富的有机碎屑和各种营养物质随着河川径流不断地汇入河口水域，为浮游生物的大量繁殖提供了有利条件，使河口海域成为不同营养级生物生产过程极其强盛的区域；同时，大量有机碎屑和生物尸体的存在也使得河口海域微生物的生命活动异常活跃。 然而另一方面，随着近代工业的发展，城市规模的扩大，注入河口水域的工业废水和生活污水不断增多，对河口生态系统形成了与日俱增的威胁和冲击。海河口区就是其中比较突出的一个。 尽管近年来，对区域性海洋异养细菌的生态分布的调查研究国内外已有不少报道(陈騳、钱振儒等， 1982 ；张景镛、李士荣等， 1984; Ishida， Y. & H. Kadota,. 1974; Austin, B.& S. Garges et al., 1979; Simida, U., N. Taga et al., 1980; Sugita, H., H. Tanami et al., 1981; Simida, U., K. Tsukamoto et al., 1982; Sugahara, L, L. C. Lim et al., 1984)，但是有关河口水域海洋异养细菌的生态分布及其菌群组成特点的调查研究报告，在国内则尚未见到。 调查了解海河口区有机污染水域中海洋异养细菌的分布规律和菌群的组成特点，不仅有助于阐明富营养化与海洋微生物间的关系，而且对于河口生态系统的深人研究也是有意义的。

THE STUDY ON MARINE HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION COMPOSITION OVER THE ORGANICALLY POLLUTED WATERS OFF THE HAIHE RIVER MOUTH

The abundance and the population composition of marine heterotrophic bacteria. in the organically polluted waters off the Haihe River mouth were investigated and studied. It has been found that the density of heterotrophic bacteria on the surface water of the debouch is higher, generally over 105-106 Ind/mL in the estuary affected by tides and averaging to 103 Ind/mL in the beachy sea outside the debouch. The quantitative distribution of terrigenous freshwater bacteria shows remarkable seasonal difference under the direct control of run-offs. Evaluation of 99 strains of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the beachy sea outside the debouch shows that the number of Gram-positive bacteria is grater than that of the Gram-negative, the dominant species are terrigenous Micrococcus and Bacillus of Gramlpositive bacteria and Alcaligenes of Gram-negative bacteria. From both:the quantitative distribution characteristics of the heterotrophic bacteria and its compositional features, we may well conclude that the heterotrophic bacteria in organically polluted sea area of river mouth are mainly of terrigenous freshowater types.