近15 a来三门湾海域氮、磷营养盐分布与富营养化状况的变化分析

以1997年8月中旬和2011年10月中旬对三门湾附近海域开展的海域水质现状调查为依据,分析了近15 a间该海域水体环境氮、磷营养盐的分布现状及变化特征。结果表明:近15 a来,三门湾海域的无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量均成倍增长,水体营养程度由轻度富营养化逐步上升为重度富营养化;从营养结构来看,活性磷酸盐仍为限制性富营养化因子;大量的海水养殖是导致该海域营养盐大幅提高的直接原因。因此,为控制三门湾的富营养化现象进一步加剧,建议适度控制海水养殖规模,调整海水养殖结构,加强对三门湾沿岸排污控制,以获得养殖经济效益和生态环境效益的协调、可持续发展。

Comparison analysis in the changes of the distribution features of nitrogen,phosphorus and the eutrophication phenomenon in the Sanmen Bay in the past 15 years

Based on the monitoring data in the Sanmen Bay in August 1997 and October 2011, the distribution features of nitrogen, phosphorus and the changes of the nutrient salts at this section in the past 15 years were analyzed.The results show that the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus have doubled since 1997 and the degree of eutrophication in the Sanmen Bay is from mild to serious. According to the nutrient structure, phosphorus still is the limitation factor of phytoplankton growth in the Sanmen Bay. It is also found that the excessive development of mariculture has improved the concentration of the nutrient salts directly. And it is suggested that the scale of marine aquaculture and adjusting the structure of mariculture as well as strengthening the pollution control should be performed in order to control the intensifying eutrophication level in the Sanmen Bay. It is needed to obtain the effective coordination of aquaculture economic and ecological environment, and the sustainable development is recommended.