Numerical simulation of tsunami waves generated by deformable submarine landslides |
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| Institution: | 1. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan;2. Department of Geology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;3. IFREE, JAMSTEC, 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan;4. ERI, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan;1. Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Mechanical Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;1. Applied Modelling and Computation Group, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK;2. Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;3. Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK;4. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;1. Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems, Institute of mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;1. Geohazards and Earth Processes Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;3. School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents a new submarine landslide model based on the non-hydrostatic wave model NHWAVE of Ma et al. (2012). The landslide is modeled as a water–sediment mixture. The dense plume is driven by baroclinic pressure forcing introduced by spatial density variations. The model is validated using laboratory measurements of turbidity currents and of water wave generation by a granular landslide. The model is then utilized to study the dependence of landslide motion and associated tsunami wave generation on parameters including sediment settling velocity, initial depth of the landslide and slide density. Model results show that the slide motion and water waves which it generates are both sensitive to these parameters. The relative tsunamigenic response to rigid and deformable landslides of equal initial geometry and density is also examined. It is found that the wave energy is mostly concentrated on a narrow band of the dominant slide direction for the waves generated by rigid landslides, while directional spreading is more significant for waves generated by deformable landslides. The deformable landslide has larger speed and acceleration at the early stage of landslide, resulting in larger surface waves. The numerical results indicate that the model is capable of reasonably simulating tsunami wave generation by submarine landslides. |
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| Keywords: | Submarine landslide Nonhydrostatic wave model Tsunami wave Numerical modeling |
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