三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)外套膜无核珍珠颜色成因的育珠实验

用紫色蚌和非紫色蚌制取细胞小片,分别插入紫色蚌和非紫色蚌外套膜内,探究三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)无核珍珠颜色与制片蚌、育珠蚌的关系;用不同类型制片蚌的不同部位制取细胞小片,分别插入育珠蚌外套膜内,进一步探究珍珠颜色与制片蚌珍珠质颜色的关系。结果表明,以紫色蚌为制片蚌,所产的珍珠为紫色系,珍珠紫色深浅与细胞小片所对应部位的制片蚌珍珠质紫色深浅呈正相关。以非紫色蚌为制片蚌,所产的珍珠有白色系和黄色系,珍珠黄色深浅与细胞小片所对应部位的制片蚌珍珠质黄色深浅呈正相关。三角帆蚌外套膜无核珍珠颜色是由提供细胞小片的制片蚌珍珠质颜色所决定,而与育珠蚌无关。该结论支持珍珠囊表皮细胞来自于移植细胞小片的观点。该结果表明,通过定向选育纯紫、纯白色贝壳珍珠质三角帆蚌新品系,即可培育出纯紫、纯白色无核珍珠。

PEARL PRODUCING EXPERIMENT ON THE GENESIS OF COLOR OF DENUCLEARIZE PEARL IN MANTLE OF HYRIOPSIS CUMINGII

The relationship among the colors of denuclearize pearl in mantle of Hyriopsis cumingii, donor mussels and recipient mussels was studied by transplanting mantle tissues from purple-nacreous-layer mussels and non-purple-nacreous-layer mussels to recipient mussels with purple and non-purple shell color in the nacreous layers. The relationship between pearl colors and nacre colors of donor mussels was further studied by transplanting mantle tissues, which came from different species of donor mussels and different parts of the donor mussels, to recipient mussels. The results show that the pearls which were produced by grafting mantle tissue from purple nacreous layer mussels are purple tones. The purple depth of pearl is positively correlated with the depth of the purple nacre of the donor mussels. The pearls which were produced by grafting mantle tissue from non-purple nacreous layer mussels are generally in the tone of white and yellow. The depth of yellow pearl has positively correlativity with the yellow depth of donor mussel nacre. Thus, the color of denuclearize pearl in mantle of H. cumingiiis determined by the nacre color of the donor mussel which provides the graft tissues, other than the color of the recipient mussel. This conclusion is agreed with the viewpoint that the epithelial cells of pearl sac originate from the mantle piece inserted in the mussels. The implication of this result is that pure purple and pure white denuclearize pearl can be produced by directive breeding of pure purple and pure white nacre new line of H. cumingii.