我国台风灾害特征及风险防范策略

对登陆我国台风气候特征及灾害发生特点进行了分析,表明台风登陆我国时间集中于每年的7—9月,年均登陆数量广东最多,而最强登陆台风出现在台湾。台风灾害导致的直接经济损失总量呈现缓慢增加趋势,人员死亡数明显下降。但死亡100人以上的特别重大台风灾害平均每年发生一次,且造成的灾情占比很大。台风灾害影响主要是其伴随的大风、暴雨及引起的滑坡、泥石流、风暴潮等次生灾害共同造成的,重大灾害往往由突发性、极端性风雨引起。为了最大限度地降低和减轻台风灾害损失和社会影响,可依靠基于风险区划的防灾能力建设降低风险,依据准确的风险预评估避让风险,依赖保险特别是政策性巨灾保险的开展转移风险。

CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPHOON DISASTERS IN CHINA AND RISK PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Climate characteristics and disaster features of typhoon landing over China were analyzed.Results showed that typhoons mainly landed over China from July to September,Guangdong had the most number while Taiwan kept the record of landing intensity.Annual direct economic losses caused by typhoon disasters increased slowly,while the mortality reduced significantly.However,severe typhoon disaster with over 100 deaths happened averagely once a year,and accounted for a large proportion of the total losses.Typhoon disasters were mainly induced by gales,heavy rains and associated landslide,debris flow,storm surges.Huge losses were often aroused by sudden and extreme gales or rains.To reduce and mitigate the influence of typhoon disasters,interdisciplinary research and cross-functional cooperation should be strengthened,so as to reduce disaster risk by enhancing disaster prevention and mitigation ability based on risk division,to avoid disaster risk according to risk pre-assessment,to transfer risk with the help of assistance and insurance.