略谈气候异变对中国上古农业转型的影响

结合考古资料,对气候异变与中国上古农业转型的关系进行了论述,认为在全新世时期中国发生过几次较大的降温事件,气候异变一方面给原始农业文化造成严重的损害,另一方面又激发了人们应对这种挑战的勇气和智慧,成为原始农业文化进化和转型的契机;中国上古农业发展中的两次重大转型——农业"边缘"地区游牧经济的形成和黄河中下游地区"沟洫农业"的出现,均与气候异变有关;人类科学地应对和适应气候异变,使中华文明的进程出现了新格局。历史经验表明,自然环境虽然能够对历史过程产生重大影响,但关键是人类如何去应对,人类自身才是历史发展更为重要的决定性因素。

Influence of Climate Abnormal Changes on Agricultural Transformationof China in Ancient Times

Combining with archaeological data,the relation between climate anomaly and agricultural transformation of China in ancient times was discussed.It is indicated that,several severe cooling events happened in China during the Holocene period.Climate abnormal change caused serious damage to the original agricultural civilization on the one hand;on the other hand,it stimulated people courage and wisdom to cope with the challenges.It was the right turning point of original agriculture civilization evolution and transformation.Two major transformations of ancient agricultural development in China,which were the formation of agriculture "marginal" nomadic economy and the emergence of "irrigation canals and ditches" agriculture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,were both relative with climate anomalies.Climate abnormal change brought Chinese civilization into a new pattern due to human beings coping with and adapting to the climate abnormal change scientifically.History shows that,although the natural environment can have a significant impact on the course of history,the key is how human beings deal with it,and it is our human beings who decide the history.