河南省南召县退耕还林工程生态效益价值评估

退耕还林工程生态效益评估,是制定科学管护措施和保障退耕还林工程有效运转,以及退耕还林生态补偿标准制定和调整的关键之一。以河南省退耕还林工程典型地区南召县为研究区,根据当地实际情况,在充分考虑退耕还林的生态、社会和经济三个方面的效益,以及指标的适用性和可操作性的前提下,构建了南召县退耕还林生态效益评价指标体系,选择对退耕还林生态效益影响较为密切的11个因子作为评价指标。针对各个评价指标分别采用影子工程法、等效替代法等方法评估了南召县退耕还林工程的理论生态价值。通过计算,南召县退耕还林工程的理论生态总价值865.47万元,其中涵养水源价值601.63万元,改良土壤价值7.92万元,净化空气价值24.13万元,生物多样性保护价值194.94万元,经济产出价值36.85万元;生态效益和社会效益之和为828.62万元,约占总价值的95.74%;年生态效益和社会效益共13741元/(hm2·a),略高于谢高地等2008年的研究结果。根据南召县退耕还林工程现状及相关调查研究结果,为保障退耕还林工程的各项效益,提出应明确退耕还林工程在生态建设中的定位,增强配套措施实施力度和加强效益监测与档案管理三条建议。今后应加强基于林木生长发育规律、资金利率变动等的动态生态效益评估,以期为退耕补偿标准的修订提供数据支持和科学依据。

Evaluation of Ecological Benefit of Returning Farmland to Forestry Projects in Nanzhao Country of Henan Province

Valuing the returning farmland to forestry projects ecological effects played an important role in developing the scientific management measures, supporting returning farmland to forestry projects, formulating and regulating the standard for eco-compensation. According to Nanzhao local conditions, considering ecological, social and economic benefits and the applicability and operability of indicators, an assessment system for Nanzhao country returning farmland to forestry projects ecological effects including 11 factors was established. The shadow project approach and equivalent substitution method were used to calculate the value of the ecological effects. The results showed that the total ecological value was 8. 6547 million yuan （RMB） , among which contributed by water conservation, soil improvement, air purification, biodiversity protection and economic output were 6. 0163, 0. 0792, 0. 2413, 1. 9494 and 0. 3685 million yuan （RMB） respectively. The total value for the ecological and social benefits was 8. 2862 million yuan （RMB）which accounts for 95.74% of the total ecological value. The ecological and social benefits was 13741 yuan/（hm^2· a） , which is greater than the findings of Xie in 2008. Based on the situation and the investigation results for the Nanzhao country, three suggestions were put forward to protect the benefits, which including clearly defining the position of returning farmland to forest projects in the ecological construction, enhancing the enforcement for the supporting measures and improving the performance monitoring and documents management. The next research should strengthen dynamic ecological benefit assessment based on forest growth law, capital and interest rates change, in order to provide data support and scientific basis for the revision of returning farmland compensation standards.