郑州市降水特征分析与水资源问题初探

分析1971-2004年郑州市降水资料发现,郑州市降水量年际变化大,季节分配极不均匀。利用同期月降水量和月平均气温资料,依据陆面实际蒸发经验公式,计算了陆面蒸发量、蒸发系数和可利用降水系数,结果表明,郑州水资源的变化特征与降水量变化特征基本相似,且春季是郑州最易出现干旱的季节。通过分析1991-2000年郑州地表、地下水资源资料,得出郑州缺水状况更加严重的结论,并提出了应对和缓解水资源缺乏的对策。

Preliminary Study on Precipitation Characteristic and Water Resources in Zhengzhou

By using precipitation data from 1971 to 2004 in Zhengzhou,it is found the variation of interannual precipitation is great and the seasonal distribution is quite uneven.By terms of monthly precipitation,monthly average temperature data and an empirical formula of land surface actual evaporation,the land evaporation,evaporative factor and available precipitation coefficient are calculated.It is concluded that water resources and precipitation have similar variation characteristics,and the drought occurs frequently in spring in Zhengzhou.After analyzing water resources data both surface water and groundwater from 1991 to 2000,the conclusion is gotten that the lacking water situation will be more serious in Zhengzhou.Finally,the countermeasures to mitigate the shortage of water resources are proposed.