1960—2019年遵义地区区域性暴雨特征分析

遵义地区区域性暴雨引起的洪涝、泥石流等自然灾害时常发生，故研究其分布规律具有重要意义，本文利用遵义地区13个国家站1960-2019年逐日降水观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,采用气象统计方法和合成分析方法，找出遵义地区区域性暴雨过程的发生规律，并对持续时间最长的区域性暴雨过程的高空形势进行分析研究，得出以下结论：（1）在区域性暴雨过程中，13个国家站同时发生暴雨的站数是3～10个；在3月下旬到11月上旬均有发生，但主要集中在6月中旬到7月中旬，占比39.8%；在20世纪90年代和21世纪10年代发生最多，20世纪60年代最少。（2）区域持续性暴雨过程只发生过持续2天（1次）和持续3天（1次），且在这2次过程中暴雨落区都有遵义地区东部。（3）持续时间最长的区域性暴雨过程是由于副高阻挡，使得高空槽系统长时间停留引起，配合低层从孟加拉湾和南海输送过来的丰沛的水汽，为区域持续性暴雨提供了有利的动力条件和水汽条件。

Analysis on the Characteristics of Regional Rainstorms in Zunyi from 1960 to 2019

Natural disasters such as floods and mudslides caused by regional and continuous rainstorms in Zunyi often occur, so it is greatly significant to study their distribution rules. Based on the daily precipitation observation data of 13 national stations and NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data from 1960 to 2019, the regularity of the regional rainstorm process in Zunyi is found out by using meteorological statistics and synthetic analysis methods, and the high-altitude situations of the regional rainstorm processes with the longest duration are analyzed and studied .The results show that: (1) In the processes of regional rainstorms in Zunyi, 3-10 national stations occurred rainstorms at the same time among the 13 ones. The regional rainstorms in Zunyi occurred from late March to early November, and mainly from mid-June to mid-July, accounting for 39.8%. They happened most in the 1990s and 2010s, and least in the 1960s. (2) The regional continuous rainstorms lasting for 2 days and 3 days occurred only once, and the same area--the eastern part of Zunyi, experienced the two rainstorms. (3) The longest lasting regional rainstorm process is caused by the obstruction of the subtropical high, which makes the high-altitude trough system stay for a long time. Besides, combined with the abundant water vapor of low layers from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea, these factors provide favorable dynamic conditions and water vapor conditions for the regional continuous rainstorm