基于逐时观测的1971—2010年中国大陆雷暴气候特征

目前尚没有研究给出中国大陆长时间序列的小时分辨率雷暴气候特征.基于1971—2010年全国796个国家级基本基准站逐时雷暴观测数据,给出中国逐时雷暴的时、空演变和持续时间等气候分布特征,获得了一些新的事实.中国总体年平均雷暴时数与雷暴日数空间分布形态较为接近,但年平均雷暴日数高值区的青藏高原地区不同,其年平均雷暴时数较...

Thunderstorm climatology over China's Mainland based on hourly observations during 1971-2010

Up to now there is no study on thunderstorm climatology based on long-term hourly observations over mainland China.Using hourly thunderstorm observations collected at 796 national-level stations during 1971-2010,the temporal and spatial evolution and duration characteristics of hourly thunderstorms over China are revealed,and some new findings are obtained.Over China,the spatial distribution pattern of annual average thunderstorm hours is close to that of annual average thunderstorm days.However,the situation is different in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,where the number of annual average thunderstorm days is high but the number of annual average thunderstorm hours is low,indicating that the duration of convective activity is shorter than that in the plain area.It is also found that the annual relative variability in areas of high annual average thunderstorm days and hours is significantly lower than that in areas of low annual average thunderstorm days and hours.Among the four seasons,the number of annual average thunderstorm hours in winter is the smallest,and many thunderstorms occur in the first half of the night.They account for the largest proportion of thunderstorms in the whole day.Nocturnal thunderstorms occur most frequently in summer,but their proportion of the thunderstorms in the whole day is the lowest.Nocturnal thunderstorms in Sichuan Basin are significant all year round.The diurnal peak of thunderstorm hours at each station mostly occurs in the afternoon and the trough largely occurs in the morning,and there are more thunderstorm hours in the first half of the night than in the second half.Affected by the East Asian summer monsoon,over most parts of China to the south and east of the Hu Huanyong line,the number of thunderstorm hours per thunderstorm day is not less than 3 h,whereas the number is significantly less than 3 h to the north and west of the Hu Huanyong line.For thunderstorms of different durations,thunderstorms that can last for 2 h occur most frequently over China and over different regions.The decadal variations of thunderstorm hours over China and over different regions all show a decreasing trend,but nocturnal thunderstorm hours have increased significantly since 2000.The significant decrease in thunderstorm hours in China is mainly due to the significant decrease of thunderstorm hours in the afternoon,and the increase in thunderstorm hours since 2000 is attributed to the increase in thunderstorm hours at night.