大气对流边界层中的涡漩结构

大气边界层中存在尺度从几百米到几十公里的大涡漩运动。它们在边界层中动量、热量、水汽等垂直输送中起重要作用。作者从边界层中对流和上部稳定层中波动相互作用的观点，发展得出大涡结构的对流波动理论。根据此理论，大涡的波谱构成主要由上、下层大气中风向、风速、层结以及两层之间的温度跃变等因素决定。本文根据卫星云图和天气资料分析了一次冷空气爆发流经暖洋面上形成云街、对流单体以及它们之间的相互演化的过程，并用对流波动理论，依据各阶段的大气条件计算出它们的波数构成，并得出了垂直速度、辐合带、界面扰动的分布，解释了云街、对流单体的形成、结构及相互转化的原因

VORTEX MOTIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER

Large vortices with scales ranging from hundreds meters to tens of kilometers are generally found in the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL). These vortices play important roles in the vertical transport of momentum, heat, water vapor and other tracers in the boundary layer. On the basis of the view of interaction between the convection in CBL and the gravity waves in the upper stable layer the author developed a convection wave theory on the formation of large vortices. According to the theory the wave number spectrum of the large vortices mainly depends on the atmospheric conditions in both of the upper and lower layers, such as wind speed, wind direction shear, stratification as well as temperature jump. In the present paper satellite image and weather data in a case of cold air outbreak over warm ocean are analyzed to study every stage of the convective processes, such as cloud street, convective cell as well as their transformation. According to the theory the wave number compositions for cloud street and convective cell are calculated, respectively, on the basis of the atmospheric conditions at every stage. The distribution of vertical motions, convergent band, disturbed interface are obtained and compared with the cloud patterns in the convective processes. Thus the study seems to offer a likely explanation for the formation of large vortices in CBL.