A Fast Algorithm for Solving CNOP and Associated Target Observation Tests

Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation (CNOP) is a new method proposed by Mu et al. in 2003, which generalizes the linear singular vector (LSV) to include nonlinearity. It has become a powerful tool for studying predictability and sensitivity among other issues in nonlinear systems. This is because the CNOP is able to represent, while the LSV is unable to deal with, the fastest developing perturbation in a nonlinear system. The wide application of this new method, however, has been limited due to its la...