黄河流域城镇化对地下水的影响分析

黄河流域是我国重要的生态屏障，也是我国粮食作物的主要产区。近年来，随着城镇化的发展，当地水资源分配出现了显著变化。因此，厘清黄河流域城镇化作用下水循环的改变对制定黄河流域城镇化政策具有重要意义。本文利用资源环境科学与数据中心的黄河流域下垫面数据、世界人口数据集的人口密度和Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （Grace）的Center for Space Research （CSR）陆地总水储量格点数据，开展了黄河流域城镇化过程中地下水的变化特征分析工作。结果表明：黄河流域城镇化程度具有显著的空间差异，下游存在明显的城镇化加剧现象；全域人口密度整体呈上升趋势，其中下游的人口增长趋势最大；黄河流域的地下水呈下降趋势，以下游的地下水下降最为显著。通过对比黄河流域新增城镇、不变城镇和消失城镇的地下水变化差异，发现地下水下降幅度最小出现在消失城镇，新增城镇的地下水下降幅度小于不变城镇的区域。因此，黄河流域城镇化对地下水的减少具有显著的作用，新增城镇地下水并没有出现显著下降的结果也说明近年来城镇化后的地下水保护政策取得的效果良好。

Characteristics of urbanization in the Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River basin is an important ecological barrier in our country, as well as the main producing area for grain crops.In recent years, the distribution of local water resources has had a significant impact on the development of urbanization.As a result, it is critical to understand the impact of urbanization on the water cycle in the Yellow River basin.The characteristics of groundwater change in the Yellow River basin are analyzed using the Resource Environmental Science and Data Center''s Yellow River basin underlying surface data, population density and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (Grace) data from the world population data set, and grid data of total land water storage from the Center for Space Research (CSR).The results show that there is a significant spatial difference in the degree of urbanization in the Yellow River basin, with urbanization intensifying in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and, in particular, the groundwater showing a downward trend.Comparing the difference of groundwater change among new urbanization, constant urbanization and disappearing urbanization in the Yellow River basin reveals that the decrease of groundwater is the smallest in the disappearing cities and towns;groundwater levels in new towns have fallen less than in areas that have always been urban.Therefore, as a typical arid and semi-arid region, the urbanization of the Yellow River basin plays a significant role in the reduction of groundwater, and the recent urbanization of groundwater protection has achieved good results.