相对瞬变气候态的气候异常

极端天气和异常气候的定量分析与预报需要一个确定的参考态。瞬变气候是地球固定点上大气相对太阳的自转和公转所接受到的太阳辐射与地表特征的动力与热力耦合形成的具有24 h日循环和365 d年循环的气候态。相对年循环的逐日气候态,本文首先考察了天气扰动和气候上的季节内异常、年际异常和长期趋势(或年代际异常),回顾了气候态中客观存在于大气经向剖面中的年平均四圈环流及其长期变化,水平空间分布中的环流系统随季节的变化和在季节内的准周期变化。针对大气环流强度的长期趋势,本文综述了与之对应的南北半球气候长期趋势中的不对称分布。

Climatic anomalies related to the temporal climatological state

Analyses and forecasts of extreme weather and anomalous climate require a precise reference state.The temporal climatology is a reference state coupling from the atmosphere and the surface when the Earth revolves both round the sun oriented radiation with the diurnal cycle of 24 hours and the annual cycle of 365 days.This paper depicts into three parts:1) it first examines synoptic and climatic anomalies including intra-seasonal anomaly,inter-annual anomaly,and different long-term trends (or inter-decadal anomalies) based on the daily-mean climatic state;2) it evaluates the meridional four-cell model,horizontal planetary-scale and regional-scale circulation systems from annual and intra-seasonal timescales within the climatic state;and 3) it recapitulates the asymmetrical distribution of anomalous climatic patterns linked with the long-term trends of the atmospheric circulation in the two hemispheres.