上党盆地极端气温时空变化特征分析

利用1961年-2009年山西东南部的上党盆地年平均气温、极端最低气温和极端最高气温资料，采用相关系数法和对比分析法，分析其气候特征及其气候变化。结果表明：上党盆地年平均气温、极端最低气温和极端最高气温均呈明显上升趋势。从空间分布上来看，全市年平均气温和极端低温最低值都出现在盆地西北部的海拔最高处沁源，极低值为一30．2℃。全市年平均气温和极端高温最高值都出现在盆地东部的海拔最低处黎城，极高值为40．1℃。极端最低气温与冷空气的活动强度、地理位置及地形有关而与海拔高度无关。极端最高气温与暖气团控制、地形及海拔高度关系密切。年极端最低气温1月出现的最多，占52％；年极端最高气温主要出现在6月、7月，6月占46％，7月占26％；日极端最低气温多出现在4时-7时；日极端最高气温多出现在14时-16时。

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristic of Extreme Temperature in Shangdang Basin

The climatic characteristic and climatic changing were analyzed using correlation coefficient method and contrast method based on average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature from 1961 to 2009 in Shandang basin in southeast of Shanxi province. The results show that there was an obvious upward trend on average annual temperature, minimum temperature and maximum temperature in Shangdang basin. The average minimum temperature and the minimum temperature are in Qinyuan which is the highest in northwest of Shangdang basin. The minimum temperature is -30.2℃. The average maximum temperature and the maximum temperature are in Leicheng which is the lowest in east of Shangdang basin. The maximum temperature is 40.1 ℃. The minimum temperature related with cold air activity intensity, location and topography and unrelated with altitude. The maximum temperature related closely with warm air, terrain and altitude. There was the most times annual minimum temperature in January and account for 52%. There was the most times annual maximum temperature in June and July and accounted for 46% and 26% respectively. The daily minimum temperature appeared from 4 o＇ clock to 7 o＇ clock. The daily maximum temperature appeared from 14 o＇clock to 16 o＇clock.