Mesoscale aspects of the Urban Heat Island around New York City |
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| Authors: | S D Gedzelman S Austin R Cermak N Stefano S Partridge S Quesenberry D A Robinson |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA, US;(2) Computer Sciences Department, Physical, Environmental, and Computer Sciences Department, Medgar Evers College, Brooklyn, NY, USA, US;(3) Weather Access Inc., Highland Park, NJ, USA, US;(4) Sussex County Weather Network, Wantage, NJ, USA, US;(5) Weather Access Inc., Chatham, NJ, USA, US;(6) South Jersey Resource Conservation and Development Council, Hammontown, NJ, USA, US;(7) Department of Geography, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, US |
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| Abstract: | Summary ?A mesoscale analysis of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) of New York City (NYC) is performed using a mesoscale network of weather
stations. In all seasons the UHI switches on rapidly in late afternoon and shuts down even more rapidly shortly after dawn.
It averages about 4 °C in summer and autumn and 3 °C in winter and spring. It is largest on nights with clear skies, low relative
humidity through much of the troposphere, and weak northwest winds, when it may exceed 8 °C. The synoptic meteorological situation
associated with the largest UHI occurs roughly two to three nights after cold front passages.
During spring and summer, sea breezes commonly reduce and delay the UHI and displace it about 10 km to the west. Backdoor
cold fronts, which occur most frequently in spring and early summer, reduce or even reverse the UHI, as cold air from the
water to the northeast keeps NYC colder than the western suburbs. Cases documenting the sensitivity and rapidity of changes
of the UHI to changes in parameters such as cloud cover, ceiling, and wind speed and direction are presented.
Received August 16, 2001; revised October 6, 2002; accepted November 20, 2002
Published online March 17, 2003 |
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