2003年淮河流域大洪水的雨情、水情特征分析

利用地面加密资料，分析了2003年淮河流域6~7月降水的时空分布和气候统计特征以及降水雨情、水情特征，并与历史同期进行了比较。结果表明:2003年淮河流域梅雨期经历了7次强降水过程，降水总量和洪水流量都超过1991年同期，但低于1954年梅雨期；2003年淮河流域降水的突出特点是:雨带稳定、暴雨集中和突发性强；水情特点是:洪峰逐次递减；造成淮河流域全线超警戒水位的重要原因是:2003年春季降水偏多、7月份副热带高压位置偏南以及淮河中游下段河床剖面倒比降。

Analysis of Precipitation and River Flow in the Huaihe River Basins During the Summer of 2003

In terms of intensive observed precipitation data and hydrological information of the Huaihe River Basins (referred as HRB hereinafter), the spatial-temporal distribution of precipitation and climatic features during the summer of 2003 are analyzed. Comparison is made with the year of 1954 and 1991 for the same period. Results show that 7 weather processes occurred with the total precipitation, river-level and flow are more than those of 1991, but less than 1954. Also, flood peak reduced with time. Main rainfall features in the target regions in 2003 are stable rain-belt, intensive and explosive storm-rainfall. More precipitation during spring of 2003, southward-shifted subtropical high in July 2003, antislope in the middle HRB are important causes for the whole HRB over danger water-level.