内蒙古黄河凌汛灾害及其防御

凌汛是内蒙古黄河沿河地区频繁发生的一种气象衍生灾害, 黄河贯穿内蒙古中西部大部地区, 凌汛灾害对这些地区的社会经济发展和人民生命安全造成很大威胁。该文从凌汛灾害的基本特点、形成原因、易发时段、发生趋势预测、风险评估和防御对策等方面进行分析。研究表明:凌汛是内蒙古黄河沿河地区特有的气候特点和地理特点双重作用的一种自然灾害; 凌汛灾害只是在特定地区和黄河开河和封河的特定时段内出现; 随着全球气候变暖, 开河日期逐年提前, 封河日期逐年推后, 而流凌期的不断延长, 及气温冷暖异常波动, 增加了黄河凌汛的自然风险。针对凌汛灾害的特殊性, 结合防御现状, 应从工程性和非工程性措施两方面加强防御能力建设。

Ice Runs of the Yellow River and Its Defense in Inner Mongolia

Ice run is a kind of nature disaster mainly induced by meteorological factors. T he regions along the Yellow River bank in Inner Mongolia are frequently influenc ed by the disaster and it may result in losses of properties and menace to huma n safety. The disaster's characters, forming mechanism, occurrence prone period, tendency prediction as well as hazard estimation are studied and analyzed. Base d on these analyses, some conclusions are obtained as follow. The ice run is a k ind of special natural disasters resulted from both the climatic and geographica l factors in specific area; the ice run occurs only in ice river's opening and c losing periods which are about one month long respectively in spring and autumn season; with the global warming trend, the ice river opening time is becoming ea rlier and the closing time is being postponed gradually, so the disaster's hazar ds will increase; according to both the disaster particularity and its present d efending situation, some countermeasures are proposed to be taken such as streng thening the infrastructure project construction, and the disaster forecasting an d monitoring system construction as well as paying attention to enhance the publ ic prevention awareness etc.