黑龙江省水稻生长季积温计算方法

以水稻为例，根据温强系数研究成果和温度日变化事实，探索一种集农学和生物学意义的积温计算方法。研究表明:利用日极端温度，通过正弦分段模拟，并经订正方程可以模拟出与实际情况相似的日温度连续变化；利用方程分段模拟出低于20℃、高于30℃的水稻温强系数，拓展了水稻温强系数的研究成果，获得了水稻三基点温度范畴的温强系数；温强系数实质是对水稻温度三基点学说的具体度量；通过时温度当量和日温度当量，实现了对水稻整个生长时期的任意时段的热量条件进行无缝量化。以哈尔滨市为例，分析了1961-2015年近55年的水稻当量积温时间特征。因计算积温时考虑了温度三基点及温度日变化的事实，提高了当量积温计算的精确度，能够突出时间和空间上的热量差异。

Methods of Accumulated Temperature During Rice Growing Stage in Heilongjiang Province

The accumulated temperature is an important index for regional thermal resource to be valued and development process of crops to be evaluated. Taking rice for example, based on the research of temperature coefficient and change of diurnal temperature, a new method of accumulated temperature is explored and studied with biological significance, so heat excessive and fewness could be shown accurately during growing stage of rice. The result shows that using daily extreme temperature, sub-sine simulation method and correct formula can simulate the diurnal variation of temperature for meteorological stations, such as Fuyu, Fujin, Muling and Harbin; temperature coefficients of rice are sectionally simulated above 30℃ and under 20℃ with Curve Equation Method. Results are extended for rice temperature coefficient. Temperature coefficients between three fundamental points of temperature are simulated. It could be as virtual quantification to three fundamental points of temperature. Hourly and daily equivalent temperature are got by combining temperature coefficient with simulated and corrected temperature of 24 h, and accumulated equivalent temperature is achieved during growing stage for rice. The method is preferable to the early method which values the accumulated temperature with daily mean temperature because it could not overlook positive role of temperature of part hours on rice at a low temperature condition, and it could not exaggerate positive role of temperature of part hours on rice at a high temperature condition. The method shows that different rice growing stages is various reaction of changing temperature. Furthermore, continuous quantification of heat resources is achieved during growing of rice. Accuracy is increased for equivalent accumulated temperature during the growing of rice. Taking Harbin city for example, the stage is main period of vigorous growth because daily equivalent temperature is close to daily mean temperature, and even is above daily mean temperature in June and July. In the last 55 years, the accumulated temperature increase significantly by 92℃·d/(10 a); they are sharp periods of that in the 1970s and the 1990s, with the climate change trend rate 359℃·d/(10 a) and 559℃·d/(10 a). From the 2000s to now, heat resource is full. Three fundamental points and diurnal changes of the temperature are taken in studying methods of accumulated equivalent temperature, so accuracy is increased for computation of accumulated equivalent temperature, and could show heat difference in the time and space.