霾与雾的区别和灰霾天气预警建议

霾与雾的区分是目前一个非常现实 ,又迫切需要解决的问题。而过去东南沿海各省不成文规定的用相对湿度区分的标准普遍偏低 ,区分霾和雾 ,应该根据影响天气系统的变化 ,结合各种判据来确定。考虑到近几年对气溶胶研究的新成果 ,大气中 0 .1μm以下的水溶性粒子主要是 (NH4) 2 SO4等组成的 ,>1μm的粒子主要是NaCl等组成的。这些物质的相变湿度大都在 80 %左右。建议将相对湿度<80 %时的大气混浊视野模糊导致的能见度恶化的天气现象确定为霾 ,相对湿度 >90 %时的大气混浊视野模糊导致的能见度恶化确定为雾 ,相对湿度介于 80～ 90 %之间时的大气混浊视野模糊导致的能见度恶化是霾和雾的混合物共同造成的 ,但其主要成分应该是霾。建议尽快制定灰霾指数和预警办法 ,开展灰霾天气预测预报预警方法的研究和业务平台建设 ,拓展气象服务领域 ,使环境气象产品更好地为社会公众服务 ,为政府实行动态调控的环保措施的决策服务。

A Discuss on the Difference Between Haze and Fog and the Warning of Brownish Haze Weather

Along with the rapid development of economy and urbanization, atmospheric aerosol pollution is becoming worse. It is becoming a practical matter to distinguish haze and fog, and also an urgent issue needed to be solved. In the past, the operational standard using relative humidity to discern fog and haze is commonly on the low side over the southeast coastal provinces. To distinguish fog and haze should base on the change of influencing weather systems combining other influencing factors. So it is suggested that the weather phenomena of the visibility deterioration caused by atmospheric turbidness resulting in blur of visual field, should be determined as haze when relative humidity is less than 80%, while as fog when relative humidity is larger than 90%, and as a mixture of haze and fog but with haze still the majon component when the relative humidity is between 80% and 90%. It is also suggested to set up as soon as possible the brownish haze index and warning methods, to carry out the study on methods of predicting and warning brownish haze weather and to construct the operational platform, there by opening up the field of meteorological services and putting the products of environmental meteorology into better serving the public and government, to implement dynamic controlling of environmental protection measures.