珠海市暴雨天气的气候特征及影响形势分析

利用1962—2010年珠海市降雨资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,应用小波分析、相关分析等统计方法,对珠海市暴雨天气气候特征及其影响系统进行分析。结果表明,珠海市白天发生暴雨的次数比夜间多,但夜间暴雨的雨量比白天大;大部分暴雨都出现在汛期,汛期暴雨具有次数多、雨量大的特点;暴雨占全年总降雨的比率越来越大,近阶段容易出现旱涝急转的气象灾害。普查分析得出,影响珠海市暴雨的天气形势可分为热带气旋型、锋面低槽型、低空急流型、高空槽和切变线型、辐合带北抬型、副高边缘和东风波型等。

Analysis of the Climatological Characteristics of Heavy Rains in Zhuhai City and Their Impacting Patterns

Using the rainfall data of Zhuhai and NCEP /NCAR reanalysis from 1962—2010,this study uses such statistical methods as wavelet analysis and correlation analysis to investigate the synoptic and climatic characteristics of heavy rains in Zhuhai city and their impacting systems. The results are shown as follows. Heavy rains take place more frequently during the day than at night though the rainfall amount is larger at night than during the day. Most of the heavy rains occur in the flood season,which is marked with high occurrences and rainfall amount. Heavy rains tend to take up increasingly large percentage in the yearly total and meteorological disasters are more likely to happen that feature sharp changes between droughts and floods. As shown in a general survey,the heavy rain of Zhuhai can be associated with the patterns of tropical cyclones,frontal troughs,low-level jet streams,upper-level troughs and shears,north-going ITCZ,edge of subtropical highs,and the easterly waves.