三江源隆宝高寒湿地不同云系降水雨滴谱特征

利用2019年5~10月布设于三江源地区隆宝高寒湿地的激光雨滴谱仪观测资料，分析高原山区夏秋季层状云降水和对流云降水雨滴微物理特征、平均雨滴谱分布、下落速度及Z-R关系。结果表明:三江源隆宝地区夏秋季对流云降水和层状云降水的雨滴微物理特征具有一定程度的相似性，对流云降水雨滴微物理参量略大于层状云降水；层状云降水和对流云降水雨滴谱均呈单峰型分布，雨滴数浓度随着降水粒子直径的增大呈先增加后减少的趋势，M-P分布和Gamma分布对隆宝地区层状云降水和对流云降水的拟合均较好，相对而言，Gamma分布拟合能更好地反映实际雨滴谱拟合线弯曲特性；隆宝地区不同尺度雨滴粒子下落速度不同，对流云降水粒子落速范围略大于相同尺度上的层状云降水，传统粒子下落速度拟合存在明显的低估现象，观测点的高海拔和较低空气密度是造成观测速度大于其下落速度的主要原因；三江源隆宝地区层状云降水Z-R关系为Z=418R1.90，对流云降水Z-R关系为Z=630R2.12，传统的雷达估测方法会低估该地区降水。 

Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution for Different Precipitation Clouds in Longbao Area of the Three-River Source Region

Based on the laser raindrop spectrometer observation data from May to October 2019, the microphysical characteristics, raindrop spectrum distribution, particle falling velocity and Z-R relationship of precipitation particle spectrum in different precipitation cloud systems (stratiform cloud and convective cloud) in Longbao area of the Three-River Source Region were analyzed. The results show that: The microphysical characteristics of raindrops of convective cloud precipitation and stratiform cloud precipitation in the summer and autumn in the Longbao area of the Three-River Source Region were similar. The microphysical parameters of convective cloud precipitation raindrops were slightly larger than those of stratiform cloud precipitation. The raindrop spectrum of stratiform cloud precipitation and convective cloud precipitation showed unimodal distribution. Raindrop number concentration increased first and then decreased with the increase of precipitation particle diameter, the M-P distribution and Gamma distribution fit well for stratiform and convective cloud precipitation, The fitting of M-P distribution and Gamma distribution for stratiform cloud precipitation and convective cloud precipitation was good. Compared with the fitting of M-P distribution, the fitting of Gamma distribution could better reflect the bending characteristics of the fitting line of actual raindrop spectrum. The falling velocities of raindrops at different scales were different, and the range of particle velocities in convective cloud precipitation was slightly larger than that in stratiform cloud precipitation at the same scale. The traditional particle falling velocity fitting showed obvious underestimation, the high altitude and low air density were the main reasons for the observation speed greater than its falling velocity. The Z-R relationship of summer stratiform cloud precipitation was Z=418R1.90 and the convective cloud precipitation was Z=630R2.12, the traditional radar precipitation estimation method would lead to the underestimate of precipitation in this area.