平流层爆发性增温及其影响研究进展

平流层爆发性增温(stratospheric sudden warming,SSW)是冬季平流层大气环流结构的一种突变现象,在短时间内平流层中高纬度的温度、风和极涡都会发生剧烈变化。因此,SSW也就成为平流层大气环流及其变化研究的重要方面之一。在强SSW期间,高纬地区温度急剧升高,西风被东风取代,极涡几乎全部崩溃。SSW极大地影响着北半球对流层大气,甚至整个中高层大气,包括对平流层乃至中层大气微量气体分布的重要影响。随着临近空间飞行平台的研究应用,以及由此而提出的临近空间环境条件的保障问题,作为临近空间重要组成部分的平流层环流变化将更加引起人们的关注。本文就SSW的特征、发生机制、对上下层相互作用的重要影响,以及SSW与准两年振荡、ENSO等的密切关系和SSW的数值模拟等方面的研究工作,进行了回顾和总结。

Advance in research on stratospheric sudden warming and its influences

Stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event is a catastrophe phenomenon of atmospheric circulation in the stratosphere in winter. It involves drastic changes of temperature, wind and polar vortex in the stratospheric mid-high latitudes area during a short span of time. Therefore, the SSW is an important domain of studying atmospheric circulation and its variation in the stratosphere. During a major SSW, the cold air at high latitudes in the stratosphere can be replaced by warm air; the polar vortex is almost entirely broken down and the mean eastward winds are replaced by westward winds. The SSW strongly affects the troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere and causes significant variations in the middle and upper atmosphere, including the distributions of trace gases. Along with the development and application of aviation platform in the near-space and the subsequent asking for environment ensuring in the near-space, the stratospheric circulation variability as an important part of the near-space is required to pay more attentions. In this paper, the characteristics, impacts and physical mechanism of the SSW are reviewed, besides, connections of the SSW with quasi-biennial oscillation and ENSO, the numerical simulation of the SSW are also discussed.