观测数据中气象站位置信息检验及应对策略研究

自动气象站位置信息是准确应用观测数据的前提,但受多种因素影响部分测站位置信息不准确客观存在。依据气象站位置信息的特点,设计了一套适用于观测数据中气象站位置信息检验评估的方法和流程,对2018年1月全国62 162个气象站逐小时观测数据中经纬度和海拔高度进行了检验。结果表明:(1)位置信息出现疑误的站点均为区域站;(2)位置信息的站点疑误率为4. 8%,且海拔高度出现疑误的概率大于经纬度,海拔高度和经纬度的站点疑误率分别为4. 2%和1. 3%;(3)随时间变化异常是位置信息疑误的主要表现形式,经纬度和海拔高度时间一致性检查的方法检出率分别为94. 9%和74. 5%。最后,依托MDOS建立了自动气象站位置信息综合监视流程,降低了位置信息疑误对后端应用的影响。

Research on location information verification of automatic weather stations and its coping strategy

Although the location information of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) is the premise of accurate application of observation data, the location information of some stations is inaccurate due to many factors. According to the characteristics of AWS location information, a set of methods and procedures was designed for checking and evaluating AWS location information in the observation data. The accuracy of longitude, latitude and altitude in hourly data of 62 162 AWSs in January 2018 was verified. The results are summarized as follows: (1) stations with abnormal location information are all regional stations. (2) The error rate of location information is 4.8%; the probability of stations with abnormal altitude is greater than latitude and longitude, the error rate of altitude is 4.2% and that of latitude and longitude is 1.3%. (3) The main reason for location information error is the abnormal time variation, and the detection rate of time consistency check method is 94.9% and 74.5% for the latitude and longitude and the altitude, respectively. The integrated monitoring process of AWS location information is established based on MDOS, which can reduce the influence of location information errors on backend application.