江苏省棉花丰欠年天气气候型的对比分析

利用江苏省1965~2004年的棉花产量,用灰色系统模型逐段滑动平均,得到了棉花的依社会生产水平变化的趋势产量和随气象条件变化的气候产量。通过对棉花气候产量与生育期气象条件的对比分析,表明了夏季光温水匹配是棉花优质高产的关键因子。分别对历史上棉花典型丰产年和欠产年500 hPa高度场距平的合成分析表明,丰产年500 hPa高度场表现为中高纬度以纬向环流为主,冷空气势力偏弱,而欠产年冷空气和副高势力都偏强,冷暖空气交汇在苏北。2003年和2004年分别是近30 a典型的棉花欠产年和丰产年,分析其6~9月500 hPa高度场、-8℃线、低空水汽通量、水汽通量散度等要素场逐日天气演变和环流特征分别得出,2003年夏季活跃的季风和冷空气、面积大势力强的副高,造成低温阴雨寡照,是当年棉花严重减产的原因;而2004年冷空气势力弱,季风不活跃,没有明显连阴雨及大的气象灾害,是当年棉花优质高产的原因。

AN INVESTIGATION OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH VARIATIONS OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

The cotton production in Jiangsu province during 1961-2004 is divided into two components, one dependent of the social productivity and the other associated with the climate variation. The key meteorological conditions for the good quality and the high production of cotton are determined. The composite weather and climate patterns for the low and high productions of cotton in Jiangsu province are presented, especially those in 2003 and 2004, during which the cotton productions have a sharp contrast.